1. Warming oceans and coral bleaching

As our planet warms due to the accumulation of greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere, the oceans absorb much of this excess heat. This rise in ocean temperatures directly impacts coral reefs. When water becomes too warm, corals expel the tiny symbiotic algae (zooxanthellae) living in their tissues. These algae give corals their vibrant colors and provide essential nutrients through photosynthesis. Without them, corals lose their primary food source and appear white, a phenomenon known as coral bleaching. Bleached corals are more susceptible to stress, diseases, and death. They can recover when water temperatures decrease again, but this appears increasingly unlikely in a warming world.

2. Ocean acidification and dissolving homes

As we release more carbon dioxide into the air, the oceans absorb a lot of it. This makes the water more acidic. Corals and other marine life that build shells and skeletons from calcium carbonate will struggle to do so in more acidic water. This means their homes are at risk of dissolving, making it difficult for them to survive. Ocean acidification is a slow process, and therefore the impacts have only recently become visible. However as ocean acidification becomes more severe, it also becomes much more difficult to stop.

3. Extreme weather and storm damage

Warmer ocean temperatures can intensify tropical storms and hurricanes. These extreme weather events pose a direct threat to coral reefs. Powerful waves can break and dislodge corals, leaving them vulnerable to diseases. The debris from these storms can also smother the reefs, suffocating them and hindering their recovery.

Urgent climate action needed

In conclusion, climate change is having large and negative impacts on coral reefs. Additional, less understood threats such as rising sea levels and altering ocean currents can further harm reefs. The longer emissions continue, the worse these impacts become. For that same reason, any effort to reduce emissions will help to make a difference. By understanding these challenges and taking steps to reduce our carbon footprint, we can help ensure the survival of these and other vital ecosystems.

Together, we can work towards a healthier planet and a brighter future for coral reefs and all the life they support.

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